首页 > 资料下载 > 脱碳电网大规模储能的展望Prospects for Large-Scale Energy Storage in Decarbonised Power Grids

脱碳电网大规模储能的展望Prospects for Large-Scale Energy Storage in Decarbonised Power Grids

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更新时间：2021-09-09
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This paper focuses on the potential role that large-scale energy storage systems can play in future power systems. The starting point and basis for simulations is the Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (ETP) BLUE scenario for power supply (IEA, 2008). According to the scenario, increased use of renewable energy and nuclear technologies can play an important role in reducing CO 2 emissions dramatically in the power sector. Through the increased use of these technologies, the use of fossil fuel powered plants, and consequent CO 2 emissions, will be reduced. Wind power and solar power provides 12% and 11% of global electricity generation by 2050 in the BLUE Map scenario. Variable output renewable technologies such as wind and solar are not dispatchable. With large shares of these technologies, steps would need to be taken to ensure the continued reliable supply of electricity. While related issues include voltage and frequency variations, inter alia, this report focuses on frequency stability. Constant balance of demand and supply is essential to achieve this, and, in the majority of today’s power systems, mid load technologies such as coal and gas and in some cases hydro, play the chief role in this regard. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the storage growth and total global storage capacity needed between 2010 and 2050, to assist in the balancing of power systems with large shares of variable renewables. Variable renewable energies are associated with weather-related power output variations, which consist of short term variations on a scale of seconds to several minutes, superimposed on long term variation on the scale of several hours. Frequency change depends on the short- term variation, therefore this report focuses on short–term variations. Although the output of individual wind or solar plants can vary considerably, wide geographical dispersal of wind power and PV plants reduces the net variation of many plants as seen by the system as a whole. The net output variation of renewables is an important parameter in this analysis. To date, the impact of this smoothing effect varies from region to region. If the outputs of individual wind and PV plants are uncorrelated, the extent of variation decreases with the inverse square root of the overall number of plants. On the other hand, over relatively small areas with large numbers of wind and PV plants, plants may show strong correlation with each other. In such situations a significant net variation will remain.

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