资料简介
The golden age of natural gas was expected to arrive early in the 2010s—with both the supply and demand of natural gas steadily growing, energy prices stabilising and as a tool in mitigating climate change—but has yet to materialise. This report examines the challenges faced in increasing gas utilisation for numerous economies and the best approach to promote the use of gas in the AsiaPacific and other regions by focusing on six case studies involving: Chile; China; Indonesia; Japan; United Kingdom and Viet Nam. Based on this study, six main reasons have been identified as factors that hampered gas utilisation. The first reason is that the global economy did not grow as much as initially anticipated, particularly the European economy and emerging economies such as China, which resulted in flat growth in primary energy demand. Second, natural gas has not been able to secure relative economic efficiencies in the power sector compared with coal. Many economies in the Asia-Pacific region have abundant coal resources, especially emerging economies, and with domestic energy demand expected to rapidly increase, coal has been the fuel of choice due to cost competitiveness. Third, there is strong government support for renewable energy (many economies have policies promoting renewable energy as domestic zero-emission energy). Such protection has been successful and natural gas has not been able to expand its market share as expected in the power sector because the cost of renewable energy has been falling. The fourth reason has to do with business practices related to trading natural gas. Since natural gas requires expensive infrastructure for its supply, much of it is traded on long-term contracts. Since the price of LNG in Asia is linked to international crude oil prices, it rose with the price of oil until 2014 and the demand for LNG failed to increase because of its lack of competitiveness compared with coal and other fuels. Fifth, there is a lack of infrastructure. Natural gas demand is realised only after the infrastructure is established on the consumer end. Although the potential scale of demand in the Asia-Pacific region is extremely large, the lack of progress on building public infrastructure is one reason demand is sluggish. Sixth is the decline of domestic production. In Indonesia, natural gas production has declined for economic and geological reasons, while in Viet Nam, gas demand is closely matched with domestic production. Since gas is expensive to transport, a decrease in domestic production can also lead to a decline in demand. Based on the findings from the case studies in this report, there are four policy issues in promoting the use of natural gas. First is setting a desirable energy mix. Various factors determine an economy’s energy mix, such as the price competitiveness of various energy sources, the stability of supply and its safety, and environmental compatibility. Based on these various factors, it is important for a government to clearly indicate the desirable energy supply balance. By explicitly indicating the position and character of the overall energy mix, such as the role natural gas is expected to play in a sector, businesses that supply gas will find it easier to invest in the gas business and acquire funding. Second is the maintenance of infrastructure. It is a given that as the use of gas grows so does infrastructure, but even in Europe there are many cases where the government has contributed a certain amount of money to develop it. While it is possible to make it easier for such infrastructure investment to be made by clarifying the expected role of natural gas in the above-mentioned energy mix setting, it is still necessary to provide some degree of government financial support. Especially in promoting expanded use in the transportation sector, it is increasingly important to support
资料截图
版权：如无特殊注明，文章转载自网络，侵权请联系cnmhg168#163.com删除！文件均为网友上传，仅供研究和学习使用，务必24小时内删除。
热门推荐
-
化学工程手册（第三版套装5册第1卷2卷3卷4卷5卷）袁渭康 王静康 费维扬 欧阳平凯 著 2021-09-09
-
雷竞技世界杯手机登录 化工自动控制设计手册（第四版） 黄步余 化工出版社 2020年 2021-09-09
-
化工过程模拟实训——Aspen Plus教程（第二版）孙兰义 化学工业出版社 2017年 2021-09-09
-
化工装置实用操作技术指南 韩文光2001年化学工业出版社 2021-09-09
-
HAZOP分析方法及实践 粟镇宇 化学工业出版社2018年 2021-09-09
-
工业除尘设备设计手册 张殿印 申丽 化工出版社 2012年 2021-09-09
-
回转窑（设计、使用与维修）沈阳铝镁设计院、长沙有色冶金设计院共同编写 2021-09-09
-
加拿大煤炭开采Coal Mining in Canada 2021-09-09
-
化工节能技术手册 王文堂 2006年化学工业出版社 2021-09-09
-
年终总结新年计划工作汇报PPT模板 2021-09-09